- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTES
- RETURN VALUES
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY
- COPYRIGHT

# NAME

OSSL_HTTP_open, OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t, OSSL_HTTP_proxy_connect, OSSL_HTTP_set1_request, OSSL_HTTP_exchange, OSSL_HTTP_get, OSSL_HTTP_transfer, OSSL_HTTP_close - HTTP client high-level functions

# SYNOPSIS

    #include <openssl/http.h>

    typedef BIO *(*OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t)(BIO *bio, void *arg,
                                       int connect, int detail);
    OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX *OSSL_HTTP_open(const char *server, const char *port,
                                      const char *proxy, const char *no_proxy,
                                      int use_ssl, BIO *bio, BIO *rbio,
                                      OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t bio_update_fn, void *arg,
                                      int buf_size, int overall_timeout);
    int OSSL_HTTP_proxy_connect(BIO *bio, const char *server, const char *port,
                                const char *proxyuser, const char *proxypass,
                                int timeout, BIO *bio_err, const char *prog);
    int OSSL_HTTP_set1_request(OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX *rctx, const char *path,
                               const STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *headers,
                               const char *content_type, BIO *req,
                               const char *expected_content_type, int expect_asn1,
                               size_t max_resp_len, int timeout, int keep_alive);
    BIO *OSSL_HTTP_exchange(OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX *rctx, char **redirection_url);
    BIO *OSSL_HTTP_get(const char *url, const char *proxy, const char *no_proxy,
                       BIO *bio, BIO *rbio,
                       OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t bio_update_fn, void *arg,
                       int buf_size, const STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *headers,
                       const char *expected_content_type, int expect_asn1,
                       size_t max_resp_len, int timeout);
    BIO *OSSL_HTTP_transfer(OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX **prctx,
                            const char *server, const char *port,
                            const char *path, int use_ssl,
                            const char *proxy, const char *no_proxy,
                            BIO *bio, BIO *rbio,
                            OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t bio_update_fn, void *arg,
                            int buf_size, const STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *headers,
                            const char *content_type, BIO *req,
                            const char *expected_content_type, int expect_asn1,
                            size_t max_resp_len, int timeout, int keep_alive);
    int OSSL_HTTP_close(OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX *rctx, int ok);

# DESCRIPTION

OSSL_HTTP_open() initiates an HTTP session using the bio argument if not NULL, else by connecting to a given server optionally via a proxy.

Typically the OpenSSL build supports sockets and the bio parameter is NULL. In this case rbio must be NULL as well and the server must be non-NULL. The function creates a network BIO internally using BIO_new_connect(3) for connecting to the given server and the optionally given port, defaulting to 80 for HTTP or 443 for HTTPS. Then this internal BIO is used for setting up a connection and for exchanging one or more request and response.

If bio is given and rbio is NULL then this bio is used instead. If both bio and rbio are given (which may be memory BIOs for instance) then no explicit connection is set up, but bio is used for writing requests and rbio for reading responses. As soon as the client has flushed bio the server must be ready to provide a response or indicate a waiting condition via rbio.

If bio is given, it is an error to provide non-NULL proxy or no_proxy arguments, while server and port arguments may be given to support diagnostic output. If bio is NULL the optional proxy parameter can be used to set an HTTP(S) proxy to use (unless overridden by "no_proxy" settings). If TLS is not used this defaults to the environment variable `http_proxy` if set, else `HTTP_PROXY`. If use_ssl != 0 it defaults to `https_proxy` if set, else `HTTPS_PROXY`. An empty proxy string `""` forbids using a proxy. Otherwise, the format is `[http[s]://][userinfo@]host[:port][/path][?query][#fragment]`, where any userinfo, path, query, and fragment given is ignored. If the host string is an IPv6 address, it must be enclosed in `[` and `]`. The default proxy port number is 80, or 443 in case "https:" is given. The HTTP client functions connect via the given proxy unless the server is found in the optional list no_proxy of proxy hostnames or IP addresses separated by `,` and/or whitespace (if not NULL; default is the environment variable `no_proxy` if set, else `NO_PROXY`). Proxying plain HTTP is supported directly, while using a proxy for HTTPS connections requires a suitable callback function such as OSSL_HTTP_proxy_connect(), described below.

If use_ssl is nonzero a TLS connection is requested and the bio_update_fn parameter must be provided.

The parameter bio_update_fn, which is optional if use_ssl is 0, may be used to modify the connection BIO used by the HTTP client, but cannot be used when both bio and rbio are given. bio_update_fn is a BIO connect/disconnect callback function with prototype

    BIO *(*OSSL_HTTP_bio_cb_t)(BIO *bio, void *arg, int connect, int detail)

The callback function may modify the BIO provided in the bio argument, whereby it may use an optional custom defined argument arg, which can for instance point to an SSL_CTX structure. During connection establishment, just after calling BIO_do_connect_retry(), the callback function is invoked with the connect argument being 1 and detail being 1 if use_ssl is nonzero (i.e., HTTPS is requested), else 0. On disconnect connect is 0 and detail is 1 if no error occurred, else 0. For instance, on connect the callback may push an SSL BIO to implement HTTPS; after disconnect it may do some diagnostic output and pop and free the SSL BIO.

The callback function must return either the potentially modified BIO bio or NULL to indicate failure, in which case it should not modify the BIO.

Here is a simple example that supports TLS connections (but not via a proxy):

    BIO *http_tls_cb(BIO *bio, void *arg, int connect, int detail)
    {
        if (connect && detail) { /* connecting with TLS */
            SSL_CTX *ctx = (SSL_CTX *)arg;
            BIO *sbio = BIO_new_ssl(ctx, 1);

            bio = sbio != NULL ? BIO_push(sbio, bio) : NULL;
        } else if (!connect) { /* disconnecting */
            BIO *hbio;

            if (!detail) { /* an error has occurred */
                /* optionally add diagnostics here */
            }
            BIO_ssl_shutdown(bio);
            hbio = BIO_pop(bio);
            BIO_free(bio); /* SSL BIO */
            bio = hbio;
        }
        return bio;
    }

After disconnect the modified BIO will be deallocated using BIO_free_all(). The optional callback function argument arg is not consumed, so must be freed by the caller when not needed any more.

The buf_size parameter specifies the response header maximum line length. A value <= 0 means that the OSSL_HTTP_DEFAULT_MAX_LINE_LEN (4KiB) is used. buf_size is also used as the number of content bytes that are read at a time.

If the overall_timeout parameter is > 0 this indicates the maximum number of seconds the overall HTTP transfer (i.e., connection setup if needed, sending requests, and receiving responses) is allowed to take until completion. A value <= 0 enables waiting indefinitely, i.e., no timeout.

OSSL_HTTP_proxy_connect() may be used by an above BIO connect callback function to set up an SSL/TLS connection via an HTTPS proxy. It promotes the given BIO bio representing a connection pre-established with a TLS proxy using the HTTP CONNECT method, optionally using proxy client credentials proxyuser and proxypass, to connect with TLS protection ultimately to server and port. If the port argument is NULL or the empty string it defaults to "443". If the timeout parameter is > 0 this indicates the maximum number of seconds the connection setup is allowed to take. A value <= 0 enables waiting indefinitely, i.e., no timeout. Since this function is typically called by applications such as openssl-s_client(1) it uses the bio_err and prog parameters (unless NULL) to print additional diagnostic information in a user-oriented way.

OSSL_HTTP_set1_request() sets up in rctx the request header and content data and expectations on the response using the following parameters. If <rctx> indicates using a proxy for HTTP (but not HTTPS), the server host (and optionally port) needs to be placed in the header; thus it must be present in rctx. For backward compatibility, the server (and optional port) may also be given in the path argument beginning with `http://` (thus giving an absoluteURI). If path is NULL it defaults to "/". If req is NULL the HTTP GET method will be used to send the request else HTTP POST with the contents of req and optional content_type, where the length of the data in req does not need to be determined in advance: the BIO will be read on-the-fly while sending the request, which supports streaming. The optional list headers may contain additional custom HTTP header lines. The max_resp_len parameter specifies the maximum allowed response content length, where the value 0 indicates no limit. For the meaning of the expected_content_type, expect_asn1, timeout, and keep_alive parameters, see OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_set_expected(3).

OSSL_HTTP_exchange() exchanges any form of HTTP request and response as specified by rctx, which must include both connection and request data, typically set up using OSSL_HTTP_open() and OSSL_HTTP_set1_request(). It implements the core of the functions described below. If the HTTP method is GET and redirection_url is not NULL the latter pointer is used to provide any new location that the server may return with HTTP code 301 (MOVED_PERMANENTLY) or 302 (FOUND). In this case the function returns NULL and the caller is responsible for deallocating the URL with OPENSSL_free(3). If the response header contains one or more `Content-Length` lines and/or an ASN.1-encoded response is expected, which should include a total length, the length indications received are checked for consistency and for not exceeding any given maximum response length. If an ASN.1-encoded response is expected, the function returns on success the contents buffered in a memory BIO, which does not support streaming. Otherwise it returns directly the read BIO that holds the response contents, which allows a response of indefinite length and may support streaming. The caller is responsible for freeing the BIO pointer obtained.

OSSL_HTTP_get() uses HTTP GET to obtain data from bio if non-NULL, else from the server contained in the url, and returns it as a BIO. It supports redirection via HTTP status code 301 or 302. It is meant for transfers with a single round trip, so does not support persistent connections. If bio is non-NULL, any host and port components in the url are not used for connecting but the hostname is used, as usual, for the `Host` header. Any userinfo and fragment components in the url are ignored. Any query component is handled as part of the path component. If the scheme component of the url is `https` a TLS connection is requested and the bio_update_fn, as described for OSSL_HTTP_open(), must be provided. Also the remaining parameters are interpreted as described for OSSL_HTTP_open() and OSSL_HTTP_set1_request(), respectively. The caller is responsible for freeing the BIO pointer obtained.

OSSL_HTTP_transfer() exchanges an HTTP request and response over a connection managed via prctx without supporting redirection. It combines OSSL_HTTP_open(), OSSL_HTTP_set1_request(), OSSL_HTTP_exchange(), and OSSL_HTTP_close(). If prctx is not NULL it reuses any open connection represented by a non-NULL *prctx. It keeps the connection open if a persistent connection is requested or required and this was granted by the server, else it closes the connection and assigns NULL to *prctx. The remaining parameters are interpreted as described for OSSL_HTTP_open() and OSSL_HTTP_set1_request(), respectively. The caller is responsible for freeing the BIO pointer obtained.

OSSL_HTTP_close() closes the connection and releases rctx. The ok parameter is passed to any BIO update function given during setup as described above for OSSL_HTTP_open(). It must be 1 if no error occurred during the HTTP transfer and 0 otherwise.

# NOTES

The names of the environment variables used by this implementation: `http_proxy`, `HTTP_PROXY`, `https_proxy`, `HTTPS_PROXY`, `no_proxy`, and `NO_PROXY`, have been chosen for maximal compatibility with other HTTP client implementations such as wget, curl, and git.

When built with tracing enabled, OSSL_HTTP_transfer() and all functions using it may be traced using OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_HTTP. See also OSSL_trace_enabled(3) and openssl-env(7).

# RETURN VALUES

OSSL_HTTP_open() returns on success a OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX, else NULL.

OSSL_HTTP_proxy_connect() and OSSL_HTTP_set1_request() return 1 on success, 0 on error.

On success, OSSL_HTTP_exchange(), OSSL_HTTP_get(), and OSSL_HTTP_transfer() return a memory BIO that buffers all the data received if an ASN.1-encoded response is expected, otherwise a BIO that may support streaming. The BIO must be freed by the caller. On failure, they return NULL. Failure conditions include connection/transfer timeout, parse errors, etc. The caller is responsible for freeing the BIO pointer obtained.

OSSL_HTTP_close() returns 0 if anything went wrong while disconnecting, else 1.

# SEE ALSO

OSSL_HTTP_parse_url(3), BIO_new_connect(3), ASN1_item_i2d_mem_bio(3), ASN1_item_d2i_bio(3), OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_set_expected(3), OSSL_HTTP_is_alive(3), OSSL_trace_enabled(3), and openssl-env(7).

# HISTORY

All the functions described here were added in OpenSSL 3.0.

# COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2019-2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html.